Each day you smoke less and gradually reduce you nicotine dependence while preparing yourself to quit for good.

每天你都会减少吸烟的数量并逐渐减少你对尼古丁的依赖以便使你的身体逐渐适应没有尼古丁的日子。

youdao

The college students were also less likely to have a drug-use disorder, nicotine dependence or bipolar disorder.

在校大学生患滥用药物、尼古丁依赖症及躁郁症的可能性较小。

youdao

Cigars, like cigarettes, contain nicotine, the substance that can lead to tobacco dependence.

和香烟一样，雪茄里含有尼古丁，这种物质会导致烟草依赖。

youdao

NicVAX was evaluated in a recent study in the American Journal of Psychiatry, in a small cohort of 11 smokers who smoked an average of 19 cigarettes per day, smoked for an average of 10 years, thereby meeting criteria for nicotine dependence.

FORBES: Nicotine Vaccine May Help You Quit Smoking

"If you had a smoker compared to a nonsmoker and were able to do imaging study of the brain, the smoker would have billions more of the receptors in areas of the brain that have to do with pleasure and reward, " says Richard Hurt, an internist who heads the Mayo Clinic's Nicotine Dependence Center.

NPR: Smoking Bans Help People Quit, Research Shows

But psychiatry as a field has been skeptical of the idea of people being addicted to behaviors, because there is not proof that a bad habit is the same kind of biological issue as a dependence on alcohol, nicotine, or heroin.

FORBES: Is Sex Addiction Real?